Filing a court case in Ghana can seem overwhelming — especially if it’s your first time. But with the right preparation and understanding of the process, you can navigate the court system confidently. This comprehensive guide breaks down how to file a lawsuit in Ghana, from deciding the right court to submitting your claim and tracking your case.
1. Understand Ghana’s Court System
Ghana’s judiciary has several levels of courts, each with its own jurisdiction:
- District Courts – handle minor civil claims (usually claims up to GH¢20,000).
- Circuit Courts – handle more significant civil claims (up to GH¢50,000) and serious criminal matters.
- High Courts – hear significant civil and criminal matters, including commercial cases.
- Court of Appeal & Supreme Court – hear appeals and constitutional matters.
Choosing the right court is essential. Claim amounts determine where you file — for example, a GH¢30,000 claim should generally go to a Circuit Court, not a District Court.
2. Try Alternative Dispute Resolution (Optional)
Before filing a court case, consider alternatives like mediation or arbitration. Courts in Ghana increasingly support Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as a way to resolve disputes amicably and save time and cost.
Services are sometimes offered by the Ministry of Justice & Attorney‑General’s Department.
3. Prepare Your Case Documents
Every lawsuit begins with well‑drafted documents:
a. Plaint or Petition
This is the written claim where you:
- Identify the parties (plaintiff vs. defendant)
- Explain the facts of the dispute
- State the legal basis for your claim
- Specify the relief or remedy you want
Example templates can help you structure a clear plaint.
b. Supporting Documents
Attach any relevant evidence such as:
- Contracts or agreements
- Correspondence
- Receipts or invoices
- Photos or certifications
Organize these as annexures to strengthen your case.
4. Register for E‑Justice (Optional but Recommended)
Ghana’s E‑Justice system allows for electronic filing, tracking, and notifications, making the filing process more efficient.
To use it:
- Register for a Business Partner Number (BP ID) with the Judicial Service.
- Log in to the e‑Justice portal and upload your documents.
- Pay fees online using mobile money, debit/credit card or bank transfer.
Even if you choose manual filing at the courthouse, registering can help you track your case online.
5. File Your Case at the Court Registry
If filing in person:
- Visit the Court Registry – go to the appropriate court office.
- Submit Case Documents – give your plaint/petition and attachments to the filing clerk.
- Assess Fees – the clerk will determine filing fees according to the court’s fee schedule.
- Pay Court Fees – in many courts, fees are paid at a bank like Ecobank on behalf of the court.
- Get a Receipt – once fees are paid and documents accepted, you’ll receive a General Counterfoil Receipt (GCR).
Important: Fees vary by court and type of filing. For example, appearance fees and filing fees differ between courts and may change over time.
6. Serve the Defendant
After filing, you must serve the defendant with a copy of the claim. This is a legal requirement and ensures the other party knows they are being sued.
- Process servers or court bailiffs typically serve the documents.
- Ensure correct address and contact details.
7. Follow Up & Attend Court Dates
After filing:
- Attend all court dates scheduled for your case.
- Respond to any procedural orders or requests.
- If using the E‑Justice portal, you may receive SMS/email notifications on updates.
If either party fails to respond on time, the court may proceed or make default rulings.
8. What Happens After Filing
The court will:
- Schedule hearings
- Invite parties to present evidence and arguments
- Potentially refer the matter to mediation before full trial (especially for commercial cases).
At the end of the process, the court issues a judgment, which can be enforced or appealed according to procedural rules.
Helpful Resources
- Judicial Service of Ghana – official procedures, rules & forms: https://judicial.gov.gh/
- E‑Justice Portal – online filing & tracking: https://ejustice.jsg.gov.gh/
- Ministry of Justice & AG’s Department – legal aid & dispute resolution services: https://www.minjustgh.com/
Final Tips for Success
✅ Always verify the jurisdiction before filing.
✅ Seek legal advice if your case involves complex issues.
✅ Keep multiple copies of all documents.
✅ Track your case through the E‑Justice portal if possible.
Filing a case is a serious legal step — getting it right from the start increases your chances of success.
